US Income Tax Calculator 2026 — Federal Tax Brackets

A single filer earning $80,000 in 2026 owes about $8,770 in federal income tax: the $16,100 standard deduction leaves $63,900 taxable, giving an effective rate of 11.0%. Enter your gross income, filing status and itemized deductions, if any, to estimate your 2026 federal tax.

Understanding the Concept

The US federal income tax is progressive: income is split into brackets, and each bracket is taxed at its own rate, from 10% to 37%. Only the income inside a bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate, so moving into a higher bracket never reduces your take-home pay. Before the brackets apply, you subtract a deduction. For tax year 2026, the standard deduction is $16,100 for single filers, $32,200 for married couples filing jointly and $24,150 for heads of household. If your itemized deductions, such as mortgage interest, state and local taxes and charitable gifts, are larger, enter them instead; the calculator uses whichever is higher. 2026 brackets for single filers: 10% up to $12,400, 12% up to $50,400, 22% up to $105,700, 24% up to $201,775, 32% up to $256,225, 35% up to $640,600 and 37% above. Married filing jointly: 10% up to $24,800, 12% up to $100,800, 22% up to $211,400, 24% up to $403,550, 32% up to $512,450, 35% up to $768,700 and 37% above. Head of household: 10% up to $17,700, 12% up to $67,450, 22% up to $105,700, 24% up to $201,750, 32% up to $256,200, 35% up to $640,600 and 37% above. This is an estimate of federal income tax only. It does not include tax credits (such as the child tax credit), Social Security and Medicare (FICA), state or local income tax, or special rates on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends.
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How to Use the US Income Tax Calculator

  • 1
    Enter your gross annual incomeUse your total taxable income for the year before deductions, in dollars.
  • 2
    Choose your filing statusSingle, married filing jointly or head of household.
  • 3
    Enter itemized deductions if largerLeave 0 to use the standard deduction automatically.
  • 4
    Read the resultsSee your estimated federal tax, effective tax rate and taxable income.

Calculation Formula & Mathematical Definition

Taxable income = Gross income − max(Standard deduction, Itemized deductions); Tax = Σ (income in each bracket × bracket rate)

Effective tax rate = Tax ÷ Gross income × 100. Your marginal rate is the rate of the highest bracket your taxable income reaches.

Variable Definitions

  • Gross income=Gross income: Annual income before deductions
  • Standard deduction=Standard deduction: $16,100 single, $32,200 married jointly, $24,150 head of household (2026)

Step-by-Step Worked Example

Single filer, $80,000

Input Parameters:
Income: $80,000Status: SingleDeductions: Standard
Calculation Steps:
  1. Taxable = 80,000 − 16,100 = $63,900.
  2. 10% of 12,400 = $1,240; 12% of 38,000 = $4,560; 22% of 13,500 = $2,970.
  3. Total = $8,770; effective rate 11.0%; marginal rate 22%.
Final Result:Federal tax about $8,770.

Married filing jointly, $150,000

Input Parameters:
Income: $150,000Status: Married filing jointlyDeductions: Standard
Calculation Steps:
  1. Taxable = 150,000 − 32,200 = $117,800.
  2. 10% of 24,800 = $2,480; 12% of 76,000 = $9,120; 22% of 17,000 = $3,740.
  3. Total = $15,340; effective rate 10.2%.
Final Result:Federal tax about $15,340.

Head of household, $60,000

Input Parameters:
Income: $60,000Status: Head of householdDeductions: Standard
Calculation Steps:
  1. Taxable = 60,000 − 24,150 = $35,850.
  2. 10% of 17,700 = $1,770; 12% of 18,150 = $2,178.
  3. Total = $3,948; effective rate 6.6%.
Final Result:Federal tax about $3,948.

Practical Scenarios & Nuances

Estimating your 2026 tax bill before filing in 2027.

Checking whether itemizing beats the standard deduction.

Comparing a raise or a second job against your marginal tax rate.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Thinking all income is taxed at your top bracket rate.

Entering take-home pay instead of gross income.

Adding the standard deduction to itemized deductions; you can claim only one.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the 2026 federal tax brackets?

Seven rates from 10% to 37%. For single filers, 10% applies up to $12,400, 12% up to $50,400, 22% up to $105,700, 24% up to $201,775, 32% up to $256,225, 35% up to $640,600 and 37% above.

What is the standard deduction for 2026?

$16,100 for single filers, $32,200 for married couples filing jointly and $24,150 for heads of household.

How much federal tax is owed on $80,000?

For a single filer using the standard deduction, about $8,770, an effective rate of 11.0%.

What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?

The marginal rate applies to your last dollar of income. The effective rate is total tax divided by total income, which is always lower for brackets above 10%.

Does this include state tax and FICA?

No. It estimates federal income tax only. Social Security, Medicare and state or local taxes are extra.

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